G2: Paper 3 - Economy

Demography

National Income

Primary and Secondary Sectors

Industry and Service Sectors

Planning, NITI Aayog, and Public Finance

Structure and Growth of Telangana Economy:

Demography and HRD:

Agriculture and Allied Sectors

Industry and Service Sectors

State Finances, Budget and Welfare Policies

Growth and Development:

Social Development: 

Poverty and Unemployment: 

Regional Inequalities: 

Environment and Sustainable Development:

MCQs as per Syllabus:

1. Which of the following is not included in the calculation of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by the production method? Value of intermediate goods

2. Which concept represents the total market value of all final goods and services produced by the residents of a country, including income from abroad? Gross National Product (GNP)

3. What does Net National Product (NNP) at factor cost represent? Gross National Product (GNP) minus depreciation

What does the Net National Product (NNP) at market prices represent? GNP minus depreciation and indirect taxes plus subsidies

Which of the following is a limitation of the income method of measuring national income? Non-inclusion of non-monetary transactions

What is the primary focus of the expenditure method of measuring national income? Calculation of total expenditure on final goods and services

Which institution is primarily responsible for estimating national income in India? Central Statistics Office (CSO)

 Which factor has significantly influenced changes in national income estimates in India? Increase in digital and service-based economy

Which of the following is true regarding Personal Income (PI) and Disposable Personal Income (DPI)? DPI is PI minus personal taxes

Who was the chairperson of the National Statistical Commission that provided recommendations for improving national income estimation in India? C. Rangarajan

In terms of international comparison, which indicator alongside per capita income is crucial for understanding the living standards in a country? Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)

Who is known as the father of the Green Revolution in India? M.S. Swaminathan

The Bhakra Nangal Project is associated with which river? Sutlej

Which institution primarily provides short-term agricultural credit to farmers in India? Cooperative banks

The e-NAM initiative aims to: Create an online platform for agricultural markets

Which committee is responsible for recommending the Minimum Support Price (MSP) in India? Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP)

Which sector has shown significant growth in India's allied agricultural sector? Dairy

Which sector has the highest growth rate among the allied sectors in India in the last decade? Fisheries

Which of the following cropping patterns is characteristic of rainfed agriculture in India? Mono-cropping

The Green Revolution in India primarily focused on which of the following geographical regions? Northwestern India

Which of the following is the largest canal irrigation system in India? Indira Gandhi Canal

Which of the following government schemes aims to provide interest subvention to farmers for short-term crop loans? Kisan Credit Card Scheme

Which of the following is a key objective of the National Food Security Act, 2013? Providing subsidized food grains to approximately two-thirds of India's population

The Rashtriya Gokul Mission aims to: Enhance the productivity of indigenous cattle breeds

What was the primary focus of the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 in India? Establishment of a socialist pattern of society through state intervention in industrial development

One of the major challenges faced by large scale industries in India is:Regulatory and compliance issues

Which government scheme aims to provide financial support to MSMEs in India? MUDRA Yojana

The Golden Quadrilateral project in India is primarily associated with: Improving road transportation network

The balance of trade refers to: The difference between the value of a country's exports and imports of goods

1. The Silent valley movement was related to ?  Building of Dam

2. Article 48A was added to the Directive Principles of State Policy so as to put the responsibility on the __________ to protect and improve the environment.? Government

3. Which among the following can be stated to be a cause of global warming? Urbanization & Industriliazation

4. What has been established in the field of climate finance? Green Climate Fund

5. The Sustainable Development Goals comprises of how many goals and targets? 17 goals and 169 targets

• The United Nations General Assembly adopted the "2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development" in 2015, with global goals.
• The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was adopted at the United Nations Summit in New York from 25 to 27 September 2015.
• The 193 members of GA  adopted the framework "Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development" with 17 goals & 169 targets.
• Those 17 goals are:
• 1. Take urgent action to combat climate change & its impact.
• 3. Reduce inequalities within & among countries.
• 4. Achieve gender equality & empower all women & girls.

6. Consider the following statements regarding Green Economy:

• It is an economic model based on sustainable development.
• Green national Income measures the overall development of the economy with environmental upgradation.
• Green GDP monetizes the loss of biodiversity & accounts for costs caused by climate change.
• A green economy results in improved human well-being & social equity by reducing environmental risks & ecological scarcities.
• It is an economic development model based on sustainable development without degrading the environment.
• Green National Income: It measures the overall development of the economy with environmental upgradation.
• Green GDP: It monetizes the loss of biodiversity & accounts for costs caused by climate change.

7. How do agricultural practices in the Gangetic plains of West Bengal impact local biodiversity?

• Increased use of pesticides and fertilizers pollutes local waterways
• Expansion of organic farming practices enhances local flora and fauna
• High crop diversity attracts a variety of pollinators

8.Which aspect of environmental conservation is critical for maintaining the health of the Darjeeling Himalayan region? Prevention of landslides through vegetation management

• Vegetation management helps stabilize soil and prevent erosion.
• This practice involves maintaining forest cover, controlling deforestation, and implementing soil conservation techniques.
• The long-term health of the Darjeeling Himalayas depends significantly on sustainable land use and forest management practices.

9.Which of the following Sustainable Development Goals ensures availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all?  SDG 6

• Sustainable Development Goal 6 ensures availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.
• Sustainable Development Goal 6 is about "clean water and sanitation for all."

10. Which of the following Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) seeks to ‘Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss’? SDG 15

• The 193 members of GA  adopted the framework "Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development" with 17 goals & 169 targets.

10a.The UN’s Sustainable Development Goal 6 aims to _____ ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

11. GOAL 5= Gender Equality

12. With reference to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, which of the following is SDG 10? Reduced inequalities

13.  SDG 15= Life on land

• The Sustainable Development Goals agenda was accepted by all members of the United Nations in 2012 at the Rio De Janeiro Council Meet with an aim to promote a healthy and developed future of the planet and its people.
• It was in 2015 when the Sustainable Development Goals were implemented after a successful fifteen-year plan of development called the Millennium Development Goals. 

14. Where was the sustainable development explained for first time? Brundtland Commission Report

Sustainable development was developed for the first time in the Brundtland Commission Report in 1987. 

According to the report, "Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."

• The first Earth Summit, took place in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992.
• The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, Agenda 21, Convention on Biological Diversity, Forest Principles and the Framework Convention on Climate Change came out of the 1992 Earth Summit.

15.Which household waste has an excellent recycling potential? Vegetable scraps

16.Which of the following watershed development projects is sponsored by the Central Government aims at enabling the rural population to conserve water? Haryali

Hariyali is a watershed development and management program implemented by the central and state governments.

The project is being implemented at the Grama Panchayat level with people's participation.

17.Which plant is cultivated for biodiesel? Jatropha

• Biodiesel is an alternative fuel similar to conventional or ‘fossil’ diesel.
• Biodiesel is a vegetable oil or animal fat-based diesel fuel. It is used in diesel engines in place of conventional diesel fuel.
• Biodiesel can be produced from straight vegetable oil, animal oil/fats, tallow, and waste cooking oil.
• The process used to convert these oils to Biodiesel is called transesterification.
• Jatropha is a Flowering plant. Its stems are used for basket making and Oil from Jatropha is converted into biodiesel.
• While Malaysia uses Palm Oil, the US uses Soyabean and European nations use sunflower seeds for the production of biodiesel, the Indian government preferred to use the Jatropha plant for the production of biodiesel.

18. Ramsar Convention: The Convention was adopted in the Iranian city of Ramsar in 1971 and came into force in 1975.

• India currently has 82 sites designated as Wetlands of International Importance

19. Why have developed countries put ban on DDT a pesticide? It was affecting food-chain system

• Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane commonly known as DDT is a colourless, tasteless, and almost odourless crystalline chemical compound.
• It was initially used with great effect to combat malaria, typhus, and other insect-borne human diseases among both military and civilian populations.
• Due to hydrophobic properties, in aquatic ecosystems, DDT is absorbed by aquatic organisms and thus bio-accumulates in the food web.
• The bioaccumulation of DDT has caused eggshell thinning and population declines in multiple North American and European bird of prey species.

20. What is the main cause of contamination of Ganges with coliform bacteria? Discharge of untreated sewage [cvig] into the river

• Coliform bacteria are a group of microorganisms commonly found in the environment, including in human and animal waste.

21. In which year Forest Conservation Act was passed? 1980 

• The Forest (Conservation) Act 1980 was further amended in 1988.

22. The Environment (Protection) Act was enacted in the year 1986. 

• Under Article 253 of the constitution
• In the wake of the Bhopal gas Tragedy or Bhopal Disaster, the [Government of India] enacted the Environment Protection Act of 1986 under Article 253 of the Constitution.
• It has 26 sections and 4 chapters.
• The Environmental (Protection) Act was enacted in 1986 was never amended.

22a. The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted for the protection of plants and animal species.

• The Wild Life [Protection] act in 1972
• The Forest [conservation] Act in 1980
• The Environment [Protection] Act in 1986
• Biological diversity Act 2002.
• Wild Life>Forest>Environment>Biological Diversity

Constitutional provisions of Forest Conservation:

• Article 48-A of the Indian Constitution deals with protection and improvement of the environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife - the state shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.
• Clause g of Article 51 A of the Indian Constitution says that it shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures.

23. What is the main aim of Montreal Protocol? Protection of the Ozone layer

• The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty that was adopted on September 16, 1987.
• It is aimed to regulate the production and use of chemicals contributing to the depletion of the ozone layer of the Earth
• Initially, it was signed by 46 countries but now has nearly 200 signatories.

25. How many Ramsar Sites have been declared so far in India? 82

• Two new Ramsar sites, added ahead of this year’s World Wetlands Day, are in Bihar.
• Tamil Nadu has the maximum number of Ramsar sites at 16, followed by Uttar Pradesh, which has 10.
• India signed the Ramsar Convention in 1982.
• It is named after the city of Ramsar in Iran where it was signed on the 2nd of February 1971.
• The 2nd of February each year is World Wetlands Day.

26.Which of the following Sustainable Development Goals ensures availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all? SDG6

27. Kyoto protocol is related with ______. Global Warming

• The Kyoto Protocol applies to the six greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).

28.The greater one-horned rhino is listed under the Schedule ______ of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. The greater one-horned rhino is listed under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.

29.In which year India launched its second edition of National Forest Policy ? 1988

• The national forest policy in 1988 is now replaced by the draft national forest policy 2018.

30. CITES is an international treaty on?  Conservation of endangered plants and animals

• Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora (CITES)

32.First Ozone hole was found over ________. Antarctica

• Ozone (O3) is a molecule formed by three atoms of oxygen. Ozone is a deadly poison.
• UV radiation is highly damaging to organisms, for example, it is known to cause skin cancer in human beings or can split the DNA.
• It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell.
• The amount of ozone in the atmosphere began to drop sharply in the 1980s. This decrease has been linked to synthetic chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), also known as Freons, which are used as refrigerants and in fire extinguishers.
• In the 1980s, for the first time, atmospheric scientists working in Antarctica reported about the depletion of the ozone layer commonly known as ozone hole over the South Pole.
• Acid Rain: This results in acid rain as air contaminants such as nitrogen oxides and Sulphur react with rainwater and come down with the rain.
• Smog: The term smog means a mixture of fog and smoke.​It is a type of air pollution that occurs in many cities worldwide.

33.Which of the following Ultraviolet rays is most dangerous? UV - C

• UV-C Rays are most dangerous because they penetrate the second layer of skin and causes skin cancer.
• The higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength and the higher the energy of the wave.
• Hence, UV C having a wavelength of 100nm has the highest damaging effect, i.e. more dangerous, when compared to UV A.
• Although UV C is more dangerous they do not pass through the Earth's atmosphere. It is completely absorbed by the ozone layer.

34. What is the pH value of acid rain? Less than 5.6

Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are discharged into the air.

These substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain. Human activities are the main cause of acid rain. Over the past few decades, humans have released so many different chemicals into the air that they have changed the mix of gases in the atmosphere. 

Power plants release the majority of sulfur dioxide and much of the nitrogen oxides when they burn fossil fuels, such as coal, to produce electricity.

Besides, the exhausts from cars, trucks, and buses release nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide into the air. These pollutants cause acid rain.

Oxides: at least one oxygen atom (O) and another element. The other element can be a metal or non-metal.

Di-Oxides: there are exactly two oxygen atoms bonded to another element. "Di" is a prefix meaning "two."

pH: Potential of Hydrogen

The range goes from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. pHs of less than 7 symbolize acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base.

The concept of pH value is introduced in 1909 by Søren Sørensen as a suitable way of expressing acidity

35.______ is the concentration of a toxin at successively higher levels in a food chain? Biomagnification 

• Occurs when organisms like zooplankton feed upon the contaminated phytoplankton and in turn absorb Persistent Organic Pollutants (DDT) into their own tissues at a higher concentration.
• The more contaminated phytoplankton zooplankton eats, the more will be the contamination at upper trophic levels

36. Which of the following gases is NOT a major greenhouse gas that causes climate change?

1. Carbon dioxide-Released through human activities such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels, as well as natural processes such as respiration and volcanic eruptions.
2. Methane
3. Carbon monoxide
4. Nitrous oxide- A powerful greenhouse gas produced by soil cultivation practices.

• Carbon monoxide is NOT a major greenhouse gas. Carbon monoxide is toxic to animals that use hemoglobin as an oxygen carrier. 
• Greenhouse gases cause the greenhouse effect on planets.
• The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are Water vapor, Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide, and Ozone.

37.Launch of Which of the following projects has been announced for the conservation of India’s most endangered species by Prime Minister Narendra Modi during his Independence Day speech at Lal Quila? Project Dolphin

• In India, Dolphins found in Ganga and Brahmaputra and its tributaries like Chambal, Son, Ghandak, Ghaghara, Kosi among others.
• There are around 3700 Dolphins in the Indian river systems.

38. Which of the following types of radiation do Greenhouse gases emit? Infrared (IR)

• Water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and other trace gases in Earth's atmosphere absorb the longer wavelengths of outgoing infrared radiation from Earth's surface.
• These gases then emit infrared radiation in all directions, both outward toward space and downward toward Earth.

39. First Ozone hole was found over ________Antarctica

40.Which of the following trees is dangerous for environment? Eucalyptus

• It depletes the nutrients and moisture reserves of the soil and inhibits the undergrowth due to allelopathic properties.
• It replaced indigenous forests in several parts of the world.
• The natural oils of the eucalyptus tree make it extremely flammable.
• Eucalyptus trees are native of Australia 

41. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb most of the Earth's emitted _____, which heats the lower atmosphere?  Infrared radiation

The greenhouse effect is caused due to Infrared rays. 

The greenhouse effect is the process where infrared radiation from the Sun is absorbed by water vapor and certain gases in the atmosphere, thus increasing the temperature on the Earth.

The major greenhouse gases are:

•     Water Vapour - causes about 36% - 70% of the greenhouse effect
•     Carbon dioxide (CO2) causes 9 - 26%
•     Methane (CH4) causes 4 - 9% and ozone (O3)

42. Without the 'Greenhouse effect', the temperature of the earth would have been: -18°C

• The Greenhouse effect is crucial in maintaining the temperature of the Earth at levels that sustain life.
• In the absence of such a phenomenon, our earth would turn into a cold planet that may not be able to sustain life.

43.Which one of the following biosphere reserves is spread over three States in India?  Nilgiri

• The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is a unique and fascinating region in the Western Ghats and Nilgiri Hills in South India. It is renowned for its ecological significance and biodiversity conservation.
• The Western Ghats, where the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is located, is recognized as one of the world’s eight ‘hottest hotspots’ of biological diversity.

44. Gym Corbate National Park - Uttarakhand

        Kanah National Park- Madhya Pradesh

        Kazirangs National Park- Assam

        Ranthambore National Park- Rajasthan

45. The finest Indian teak is found in the forests of - Satpura national park  [Madhya Pradesh]

46. Which wildlife sanctuary was established in West Bengal in 1941 primarily to protect the great Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis)? Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary 

47.The  ______ peak is the highest peak in Silent Valley National Park, Palakkad? Anginda

48.Keibul Lamjao National Park is located on which lake? Loktak Lake,Manipur 

• Keibul Lamjao National Park, the only floating park in the world, is located in the Loktak lake.
• Keibul Lamjao National Park is the only floating National Park in the world

49.Pench National Park is on the border of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh.

• So Pench National Park(Jawahar Lal Nehru) is in Maharashtra and Pench(Priyardishini) National Park is in Madhya Pradesh.

50.‘Simlipal Biosphere Niche’ is situated in : Odisha